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HIST 17 (Macias): Primary Sources

Accessing Chaffey Library Databases

1. Click on link of online library resource you wish to access. When prompted, login using your MyChaffey ID and password (same as used for wireless access onsite at Chaffey). The click on Login button. The login window will close and you will be directed to the library resource(s) you selected.

mychaffey login screencap

2. Haven't used MyChaffey yet? Go to https://my.chaffey.edu.

3. Your MyChaffey ID is first name initial and last name initial in lowercase plus 7-digit Chaffey College ID number (for example, Chaffey Charlie's ID would be cc0323232). Your password is your 6-digit birthdate in MMDDYY format (no spaces, example: 080792) the first time you login.security questions in MyChaffey portal

4. You will then be required to change your password and set up your security/password reset questions once logged into MyChaffey.

MyChaffey password reset

Online Library Resources with Primary Source Material

Below are recommended resources that may include primary source material. Click on resource to login using MyChaffey credentials. See below panel for more detailed login instructions.

Tips for using JSTOR effectively

1. Do not use the basic search box. Instead, click on the Advanced Search link below the search box. This will take you to another interface that will let you place some important limits so that your results are not as large and are more likely to be relevant.

Front page of JSTOR database

2. Type in search term(s). Uncheck box next to Include links to external content. If this box is not unchecked, results where the full text is not available will appear in your search.

Advanced search interface in JSTOR

3. Under the Narrow By: ITEM TYPE, check the box next to Article. This will eliminate non-research articles such as book reviews and letters to the editor from your search, reducing the size of your results set.

Item type box on JSTOR advance search

4. Another option is to narrow by discipline, the section that occupies the bottom of the search page. Check boxes to limit your search to a specific field such as Film Studies. This can be a useful tactic for reducing the size of a results set, particularly if many of the articles are not relevant to your topic.

Primary and Secondary Sources

For some research projects, it is important (or you may be required) to use primary sources, instead of or in addition to secondary sources. So what's the difference?

Primary sources-A primary source is an original object or document -- the raw material or first-hand information. Primary sources include historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, and art objects. In the natural and social sciences, primary sources are often empirical studies -- research where an experiment was done or a direct observation was made. The results of empirical studies are typically found in scholarly articles or papers delivered at conferences, so those articles and papers that present the original results are considered primary sources.

Secondary sources-A secondary source is something written about a primary source. Secondary sources include comments on, interpretations of, or discussions about the original material. You can think of secondary sources as second-hand information. If I tell you something, I am the primary source. If you tell someone else what I told you, you are the secondary source. Secondary source materials can be articles in newspapers or popular magazines, book or movie reviews, or articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate someone else's original research.

Example of Primary Sources

  • Autobiographies, memoirs, diaries, emails, oral histories
  • Letters, correspondences, eyewitnesses
  • First-hand newspaper and magazine accounts of events
  • Legal cases, treaties
  • Statistics, surveys, opinion polls, scientific data, transcripts
  • Records of organizations and government agencies
  • Original works of literature, art or music
  • Cartoons, postcards, posters
  • Map, photographs, films
  • Objects and artifacts that reflect the time period in which they were created
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