The Research Process (with slides)
1. Develop your Research Topic
- What do you want to find out? What do you want to learn about or discover? Think about all the different parts of your subject and what you want to know about it.
- Use the Research Worksheet to write down your ideas.
- Find out some background info or an overview of your topic. Read a wikipedia article (but don't use it as a source for your paper!)
2. Select Keywords from your Research Topic
- Write down your research topic in a sentence and identify the main concepts
- Think of other words that could describe the main concepts
- Create a list of synonyms and phrases that describe your topic and concepts
3. Search the Library's Resources
Search for Books & eBooks:
- Books & eBooks provide background research.
- Background research gives you an overview and helps you to understand the main topic points.
- Keep track of your sources and citations as you find them.
Search the Databases to find Articles:
- Add Keywords to focus your search so that your topic is not too broad or too narrow.
- Getting too many results? Try narrowing your search by publication date range, so you get the most current results.
- Keep track of your sources and citations as you find them.
4. Evaluate your sources
- Ask yourself, do the sources fit and support your Research Topic?
- Are they scholarly or popular sources that fit the assignment requirements?
5. Create your Works Cited or Reference page
- A Works Cited or Reference page list your sources and citations.
- It shows where you got the information to support your Research Topic and gives credit to that person or organization.
- It also shows that you did not plagiarize or copy someone else's work.
Keywords and Synonyms
1. Create a Research statement
This can be in the form of a question or a sentence. Just think about what you want to research and write it down in one sentence.
2. Identify the Keywords
Look at your research statement. What are the main words or concepts? They will likely be nouns, and can include phrases. Highlight them.
3. Think of synonyms
Look at the words/phrases you highlighted and think of synonyms or alternate phrases to describe those concepts. Scholarly articles often use words that we wouldn’t use in ordinary life.
4. Search in the databases
Pick two or three words/phrases from your list. Put each concept in its own search box.
5. Search again!
Try different combinations of words to get different results. Add more words to narrow down your results. Look at the “Subject” headings for each article to see what keywords are being used the most.
Boolean Operators
AND
OR
NOT
Use AND in a search to:
- narrow your results
- tell the database that ALL search terms must be present in the resulting records
- example: cloning AND humans AND ethics
Be aware: In many, but not all, databases, the AND is implied.
- For example, Google automatically puts an AND in between your search terms.
- Though all your search terms are included in the results, they may not be connected together in the way you want.
- For example, this search: college students test anxiety is translated to: college AND students AND test AND anxiety. The words may appear individually throughout the resulting records.
- You can search using phrases to make your results more specific.
- For example: "college students" AND "test anxiety". This way, the phrases show up in the results as you expect them to be.
Use OR in a search to:
- connect two or more similar concepts (synonyms)
- broaden your results, telling the database that ANY of your search terms can be present in the resulting records
- example: cloning OR genetics OR reproduction
Use NOT in a search to:
- exclude words from your search
- narrow your search, telling the database to ignore concepts that may be implied by your search terms
- example: cloning NOT sheep